E1520: Propylene Glycol

What is E1520?

Propylene glycol (E1520) is a clear, colourless, slightly sweet and syrupy liquid belonging to the alcohol family. It mixes with both water and many oils, which makes it a useful solvent.

Origin and production

It is produced synthetically, mainly from propylene oxide derived from petrochemicals, although bio-based versions made from glycerol are also manufactured.

Why is it used?

Its main food role is as a carrier and solvent for flavourings, colours and other additives, and it also helps retain moisture. It therefore reaches products like cakes, biscuits, pastries and frozen desserts mostly via the flavourings they contain.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

Propylene glycol is synthetic and contains no animal ingredients, so it is generally suitable for vegans and vegetarians. It is not the same as ethanol, though halal or kosher acceptance still depends on certification.

Safety and regulation

In the EU it is authorised mainly as a carrier for other additives and flavourings, with limits on how much may carry over into the final food. EFSA re-evaluated it and found no safety concern at reported use levels.

Common in