E333: Calcium citrates

What is E333?

E333 refers to calcium citrates, the calcium salts of citric acid, in mono-, di- and tricalcium forms. They are white powders with a mildly sour taste and provide both citrate and calcium.

Origin and production

Calcium citrates are made by neutralising citric acid with a calcium source such as calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide. The citric acid itself is almost always produced by fermenting sugars with moulds.

Why is it used?

Calcium citrates act as acidity regulators, sequestrants and firming agents, and also serve as a source of calcium in fortified foods. They are found in gummy sweets, fruit yogurts, cakes, biscuits and pastries, where they help control acidity, stabilise texture or boost calcium content.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

E333 is produced from mineral and fermentation-derived ingredients and is suitable for vegans and vegetarians. It raises no specific halal or kosher concerns.

Safety and regulation

Calcium citrates are authorised as food additives in the European Union, generally at quantum satis, meaning no fixed maximum beyond good manufacturing practice. They are widely permitted internationally and are also used in calcium supplements.

Common in