E452: Sodium polyphosphate

What is E452?

Sodium polyphosphate (E452i) is a mixture of sodium phosphates linked into chains of varying length, often sold as sodium hexametaphosphate or Graham's salt. It is a glassy or powdery white solid that binds strongly to metal ions such as calcium.

Origin and production

It is made synthetically by heating sodium phosphates derived from phosphoric acid, which in turn comes from mined phosphate rock.

Why is it used?

By tying up calcium and magnesium it acts as a sequestrant, preventing cloudiness and sediment in drinks such as iced teas and syrups, and helping emulsifiers and preservatives work better. It also helps retain moisture and stabilise texture in cakes, processed meats and dairy products.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

Sodium polyphosphate is mineral in origin and generally suitable for vegans and vegetarians; it raises no specific halal or kosher concerns on its own.

Safety and regulation

Polyphosphates are authorised in the EU with defined maximum levels and were re-evaluated by EFSA together with other phosphate additives, which set a group acceptable intake for total phosphorus from additives and diet.

Common in