E120: Cochineal

What is E120?

Cochineal is a crimson colouring based on carminic acid, a natural pigment. Under E120 the term covers cochineal extract, carminic acid and carmines, the aluminium-based lakes that give a more stable red to pink colour.

Origin and production

It is extracted from the dried bodies of female cochineal insects (Dactylopius coccus), which live on prickly pear cacti, mainly in Peru and the Canary Islands. A large number of insects is needed to produce a small amount of colour.

Why is it used?

Cochineal provides a heat- and light-stable red that does not fade easily. It colours sweets and gummies, cured sausages and other meat products, drinks, yoghurts and desserts.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

Because it is made from insects, cochineal is not suitable for vegans or vegetarians. Many kosher authorities do not accept it, and halal opinions differ, so religious consumers may wish to check with their own authority or look for certification.

Safety and regulation

Cochineal is authorised as a food colour in the EU and was re-evaluated by EFSA. Rare allergic reactions have been reported in sensitive individuals.

Common in