E220: Sulphur dioxide

What is E220?

Sulphur dioxide is a colourless gas with a sharp, pungent smell. Labelled E220, it is the parent compound of the sulphite family of preservatives and is used either as a gas or dissolved in liquids.

Origin and production

It is produced industrially by burning sulphur or by roasting sulphide ores, then purifying the gas for food use.

Why is it used?

Sulphur dioxide prevents browning and microbial growth. It keeps dried apricots and other dried fruits bright orange, protects fruit in mueslis and fruit cakes, and is widely used in winemaking.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

Sulphur dioxide is mineral-derived and suitable for vegans and vegetarians. It is not generally a halal or kosher concern in itself.

Safety and regulation

Sulphur dioxide is authorised in the EU, and sulphites above 10 mg/kg or 10 mg/litre must be declared as allergens because they can cause reactions in sensitive people, especially some asthmatics. EFSA's re-evaluation of sulphites identified a risk of exceeding the acceptable daily intake for some population groups.

Common in