E412: Guar gum

What is E412?

Guar gum (E412) is a natural fibre made up mainly of galactomannan, a polysaccharide that absorbs water and forms a viscous solution. It has about eight times the thickening power of cornstarch.

Origin and production

It comes from the ground endosperm of seeds of the guar plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), a legume grown largely in India and Pakistan. The seeds are dehusked and milled into an off-white powder.

Why is it used?

Guar gum thickens and stabilises foods, prevents ice crystals forming in frozen desserts and ice cream, and improves texture in cream cheese, sauces and ready meals. It is also used in gluten-free and reduced-fat products to provide body.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

Guar gum is entirely plant-derived and is suitable for vegans and vegetarians. It is not generally a concern for halal or kosher diets.

Safety and regulation

Guar gum is authorised as a food additive in the EU and was re-evaluated by EFSA, which did not identify a safety concern at reported uses. Like other soluble fibres, large amounts may cause bloating or a laxative effect.

Common in