E414: Acacia gum

What is E414?

Acacia gum (E414), also known as gum arabic, is a natural gum made of complex polysaccharides with a small protein component. It dissolves easily in water to form low-viscosity solutions and is very good at stabilising flavour oils in water.

Origin and production

It is the dried sap exuded from the stems and branches of acacia trees, mainly Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal, harvested by hand in the Sahel region of Africa.

Why is it used?

Acacia gum stabilises flavour emulsions in soft drinks, forms coatings and glazes on sweets and chewing gum, and is used to carry and encapsulate flavours in powders. It also adds body to some snacks and confectionery.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

Acacia gum is plant-derived and is suitable for vegans and vegetarians. It does not usually raise halal or kosher concerns.

Safety and regulation

Acacia gum is authorised as a food additive in the EU and was re-evaluated by EFSA, which did not see a need for a numerical acceptable daily intake. It is permitted in most foods at levels set by good manufacturing practice.

Common in