E450: Diphosphates

What is E450?

Diphosphates (E450) are a group of salts derived from diphosphoric acid, combined with sodium, potassium or calcium. They are white powders that can act as acids, buffers and metal-binding agents depending on the specific salt.

Origin and production

They are produced industrially by heating phosphate salts, which are themselves made from purified phosphoric acid obtained from phosphate rock.

Why is it used?

In baking, acidic diphosphates react with baking soda to release carbon dioxide at a controlled rate, helping cakes and pastries rise. In processed meats and sausages they help retain water and improve texture, and in potato products they help prevent darkening.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

Diphosphates are mineral-based and made without animal ingredients, so they are suitable for vegans and vegetarians. They do not normally raise halal or kosher concerns.

Safety and regulation

Diphosphates are authorised in the EU with maximum levels for specific foods and are covered by a group acceptable daily intake for phosphates set by EFSA in its 2019 re-evaluation. EFSA identified a risk of exceeding that intake for some population groups, considering phosphorus from all dietary sources.

Common in