E319: Tertiary-butylhydroquinone (tbhq)
What is E319?
Tertiary-butylhydroquinone, known as TBHQ and labelled E319, is a synthetic antioxidant derived from hydroquinone. It is a white to light tan crystalline substance that dissolves in fats.
Origin and production
It is produced by chemical synthesis, by reacting hydroquinone with isobutylene or tert-butyl alcohol.
Why is it used?
TBHQ is particularly effective at protecting unsaturated vegetable oils from oxidation, including during frying. It extends the shelf life of frying oils, snacks, biscuits, cakes, breads and confectionery made with them.
Vegan, vegetarian and halal
TBHQ is synthetic and suitable for vegans and vegetarians. It is not generally a halal or kosher concern.
Safety and regulation
TBHQ is authorised in the EU for a limited range of foods with maximum levels, following an assessment by EFSA that established an acceptable daily intake. It is also permitted in the United States, where its level is limited relative to the fat content of the food.
Written by the Foodlas editorial team with AI assistance and checked against EU Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 and EFSA scientific opinions. Last reviewed: October 14, 2026.
Sources: Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 · EFSA — Food additives · Wikidata
Common in
Products containing E319
