E433: Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate

What is E433?

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, known as polysorbate 80 and labelled E433, is a synthetic emulsifier. It is a yellow, oily liquid that dissolves in water and helps fat droplets disperse evenly.

Origin and production

It is made from sorbitol, which is reacted with ethylene oxide and esterified with oleic acid. The oleic acid can come from vegetable oils, including palm oil, or from animal fats.

Why is it used?

Polysorbate 80 is used to give a smooth texture and resist melting in ice cream and frozen desserts, and to stabilise creams, sauces, cakes and processed cheeses. It is effective in very small amounts.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

Because its fatty acid may be of plant or animal origin, polysorbate 80 is not automatically vegan or vegetarian; only the manufacturer can confirm the source. People avoiding palm oil, or wanting halal or kosher assurance, may wish to look for certification.

Safety and regulation

Polysorbate 80 is authorised in the EU and was re-evaluated by EFSA as part of the polysorbate group. EFSA identified a risk of exceeding the group acceptable daily intake for some population groups.

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