E330: Citric acid

What is E330?

Citric acid (E330) is a weak organic acid with a clean, sharp sour taste. It is the same compound that gives lemons, limes and other citrus fruits their tartness, and it is sold as a white crystalline powder that dissolves readily in water.

Origin and production

Although it occurs naturally in fruit, almost all commercial citric acid is made by fermenting sugars or starch hydrolysates with the mould Aspergillus niger, then purifying and crystallising the acid.

Why is it used?

Manufacturers use it to add sourness, regulate acidity, and bind trace metals that would otherwise speed up spoilage and discolouration, which supports its antioxidant role. It is one of the most widespread additives, found in soft drinks, sweets, snacks and sauces.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

Citric acid is produced by microbial fermentation without animal ingredients and is generally considered suitable for vegans and vegetarians. It is not normally a concern for halal or kosher diets.

Safety and regulation

Citric acid is authorised as a food additive in the EU and has been evaluated by EFSA and JECFA. It is permitted in a very wide range of foods, mostly on a 'quantum satis' basis, meaning no more than needed for the purpose.

Common in