E464: Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose

What is E464?

Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (E464), or HPMC, is a modified form of plant cellulose that dissolves in cold water to form a viscous solution. Unusually, it thickens and gels when heated and becomes fluid again as it cools.

Origin and production

It is made by chemically treating cellulose from wood pulp or cotton with methyl chloride and propylene oxide, which attach methyl and hydroxypropyl groups to the cellulose chain.

Why is it used?

HPMC is widely used to make vegetarian capsules for dietary supplements. In gluten-free breads it helps mimic gluten by trapping gas and giving structure, and it stabilises frozen desserts, sauces and fillings.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

HPMC is plant-derived and suitable for vegans and vegetarians; it is a common gelatine-free option for capsules marketed to vegetarian, halal and kosher consumers.

Safety and regulation

E464 is authorised in the EU and was re-evaluated by EFSA along with other modified celluloses, with no safety concern identified at reported uses.

Common in