E304: Ascorbyl palmitate

What is E304?

E304i is ascorbyl palmitate, an ester formed by combining ascorbic acid (vitamin C) with palmitic acid, a common fatty acid. Unlike ordinary vitamin C, it dissolves in fats, so it can protect oily foods from oxidation.

Origin and production

Ascorbyl palmitate is produced by chemically or enzymatically reacting ascorbic acid with palmitic acid. The ascorbic acid is usually made from glucose via fermentation and synthesis, and the palmitic acid typically comes from vegetable fats such as palm oil.

Why is it used?

It is used as an antioxidant to slow rancidity in fat-containing products, often in combination with tocopherols. Typical uses include biscuits, snacks, instant mashed potatoes, filled cereals and infant formula, where it helps protect sensitive oils.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

E304i is generally made from plant-derived materials and is considered suitable for vegans and vegetarians. As the fatty acid could in principle come from animal fat, those needing strict halal, kosher or palm-free assurance may look for certification.

Safety and regulation

Ascorbyl palmitate is authorised in the European Union as an antioxidant, including in foods for infants under specific conditions. EFSA re-evaluated ascorbyl esters in 2015 and did not identify a safety concern at reported uses.

Common in