E500: Sodium hydrogen carbonate

What is E500?

Sodium hydrogen carbonate (E500ii), better known as sodium bicarbonate or baking soda, is a mild alkaline salt. When it meets an acid, or is heated, it gives off carbon dioxide gas.

Origin and production

It is manufactured from sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide, usually as part of the Solvay process, or obtained from the natural mineral trona or nahcolite.

Why is it used?

Baking soda is the classic chemical leavening agent, providing the bubbles that make cakes, biscuits, scones and quick breads rise; it is the main alkaline component of baking powder. It is also used to adjust acidity and to add fizz in some confectionery.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

Sodium bicarbonate is a mineral salt manufactured without animal ingredients, so it is suitable for vegans and vegetarians. It raises no particular halal or kosher issue.

Safety and regulation

Sodium hydrogen carbonate is authorised in the EU under E500 and is permitted in many foods at levels set by good manufacturing practice. Its main nutritional relevance is the sodium it contributes.

Common in