E466: Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose

What is E466?

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (E466), often called CMC or cellulose gum, is a water-soluble derivative of cellulose, the main structural material of plants. It dissolves to form smooth, viscous solutions.

Origin and production

It is made by chemically treating cellulose from wood pulp or cotton linters with sodium hydroxide and chloroacetic acid, which attaches carboxymethyl groups to the cellulose chain.

Why is it used?

CMC thickens and stabilises beverages, prevents ice crystals in frozen desserts, retains moisture in cakes and breads, and improves texture in fillings and sauces. It is also used in reduced-fat and gluten-free products to add body.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

CMC is derived from plant cellulose and is suitable for vegans and vegetarians. It does not usually raise halal or kosher concerns.

Safety and regulation

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is authorised as a food additive in the EU and was re-evaluated by EFSA together with other cellulose derivatives, without a need for a numerical acceptable daily intake. Its effects on the gut have been a subject of ongoing scientific research.

Common in