E339: Disodium phosphate

What is E339?

Disodium phosphate, also called disodium hydrogen phosphate and listed as E339(ii), is a mildly alkaline salt of phosphoric acid and sodium. It is a white powder that dissolves easily in water.

Origin and production

It is produced by partially neutralising purified phosphoric acid, derived from phosphate rock, with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.

Why is it used?

Disodium phosphate regulates acidity, stabilises proteins and acts as an emulsifying salt. It helps processed cheese melt smoothly, prevents separation in desserts, sauces and frozen desserts, and improves the texture of cakes, snacks and frozen foods.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

Disodium phosphate is of mineral origin and is generally suitable for vegans and vegetarians, though the foods it is used in may contain animal ingredients. It is not normally a halal or kosher concern.

Safety and regulation

Disodium phosphate is authorised in the EU as part of the sodium phosphates group and was covered by EFSA's re-evaluation of phosphates, which set a group acceptable daily intake for phosphorus.

Common in