E541: Sodium aluminium phosphate

What is E541?

Sodium aluminium phosphate is a salt containing sodium, aluminium and phosphate. E541 refers to the acidic form, a white powder used as a leavening acid in baking powders.

Origin and production

It is manufactured synthetically from phosphoric acid, aluminium compounds and sodium compounds.

Why is it used?

Combined with baking soda, sodium aluminium phosphate releases carbon dioxide slowly, mostly once heat is applied, which suits batters and doughs that wait before baking. It has been used in cake mixes, sponges, scones, pastries and refrigerated or frozen doughs, especially in North American products.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

Sodium aluminium phosphate is synthetic and suitable for vegans and vegetarians. It is not generally a halal or kosher concern.

Safety and regulation

Concern about overall aluminium intake led the EU to restrict E541 from 2014 to a narrow use in scones and sponge goods. Other jurisdictions, including the United States, permit wider use.

Common in