E475: Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids

What is E475?

Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (E475) are emulsifiers made by combining polyglycerol, short chains of glycerol molecules, with fatty acids. They range from oily liquids to waxy solids depending on the fatty acids used.

Origin and production

They are produced by heating glycerol to form polyglycerol and then esterifying it with fatty acids or fats, which may come from vegetable oils or from animal fats.

Why is it used?

They help trap air and stabilise foams and emulsions, giving sponge cakes, pastries and whipped toppings a light, even texture. They are also found in biscuits and frozen desserts.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

E475 may be derived from plant or animal fats, so only the manufacturer can confirm the source. Vegans, vegetarians and those following halal or kosher diets can look for products with relevant certification.

Safety and regulation

E475 is authorised in the EU with set maximum levels in specific foods and was re-evaluated by EFSA, which did not identify safety concerns at reported uses.

Common in