E341: Monocalcium phosphate

What is E341?

Monocalcium phosphate (E341i) is the most acidic of the calcium phosphates, a white powder that dissolves in water. When mixed with baking soda and moisture it reacts quickly, releasing carbon dioxide.

Origin and production

It is produced by reacting purified phosphoric acid, obtained from phosphate rock, with a calcium source such as lime or calcium carbonate.

Why is it used?

Monocalcium phosphate is a fast-acting leavening acid in baking powders, cake mixes, pancakes, biscuits and some breads, providing an initial rise as soon as the batter is mixed. It can also contribute calcium and help regulate acidity.

Vegan, vegetarian and halal

Food-grade monocalcium phosphate is made from mineral sources and is suitable for vegans and vegetarians. It raises no particular halal or kosher issue.

Safety and regulation

Monocalcium phosphate is authorised in the EU under E341 with maximum levels for specific foods. It falls under the group acceptable daily intake for phosphates set by EFSA in 2019, which considers phosphorus intake from all sources.

Common in